High rise in carbonaceous aerosols under very low anthropogenic emissions over eastern Himalaya, India: Impact of lockdown for COVID-19 outbreak.
Identifieur interne : 000395 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000394; suivant : 000396High rise in carbonaceous aerosols under very low anthropogenic emissions over eastern Himalaya, India: Impact of lockdown for COVID-19 outbreak.
Auteurs : Abhijit Chatterjee [Inde] ; Sauryadeep Mukherjee [Inde] ; Monami Dutta [Inde] ; Abhinandan Ghosh [Inde] ; Sanjay K. Ghosh [Inde] ; Arindam Roy [Inde]Source :
- Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994) [ 1352-2310 ] ; 2021.
Abstract
The present study has been conducted to investigate the relative changes of carbonaceous aerosols (CA) over a high altitude Himalayan atmosphere with and without (very low) anthropogenic emissions. Measurements of atmospheric organic (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were conducted during the lockdown period (April 2020) due to global COVID 19 outbreak and compared with the normal period (April 2019). The interesting, unexpected and surprising observation is that OC, EC and the total CA (TCA) during the lockdown (OC: 12.1 ± 5.5 μg m-3; EC: 2.2 ± 1.1 μg m-3; TCA: 21.5 ± 10 μg m-3) were higher than the normal period (OC: 7.04 ± 2.2 μg m-3; EC: 1.9 ± 0.7 μg m-3; TCA: 13.2 ± 4.1 μg m-3). The higher values for OC/EC ratio too was observed during the lockdown (5.7 ± 0.9) compared to the normal period (4.2 ± 1.1). Much higher surface O3 during the lockdown (due to very low NO) could better promote the formation of secondary OC (SOC) through the photochemical oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emitted from Himalayan coniferous forest cover. SOC during the lockdown (7.6 ± 3.5 μg m-3) was double of that in normal period (3.8 ± 1.4 μg m-3). Regression analysis between SOC and O3 showed that with the same amount of increase in O3, the SOC formation increased to a larger extent when anthropogenic emissions were very low and biogenic emissions dominate (lockdown) compared to when anthropogenic emissions were high (normal). Concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis showed that the anthropogenic activities over Nepal and forest fire over north-east India were the major long-distant sources of the CA over Darjeeling during the normal period. On the other hand, during lockdown, the major source regions of CA over Darjeeling were regional/local. The findings of the study indicate the immense importance of Himalayan biosphere as a major source of organic carbon.
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117947
PubMed: 32982563
PubMed Central: PMC7501850
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Ghosh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Environmental Sciences Section, Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, 700054, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Environmental Sciences Section, Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, 700054</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>700054</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roy, Arindam" sort="Roy, Arindam" uniqKey="Roy A" first="Arindam" last="Roy">Arindam Roy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Environmental Sciences Section, Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, 700054, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Environmental Sciences Section, Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, 700054</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>700054</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)</title><idno type="ISSN">1352-2310</idno><imprint><date when="2021" type="published">2021</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The present study has been conducted to investigate the relative changes of carbonaceous aerosols (CA) over a high altitude Himalayan atmosphere with and without (very low) anthropogenic emissions. Measurements of atmospheric organic (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were conducted during the lockdown period (April 2020) due to global COVID 19 outbreak and compared with the normal period (April 2019). The interesting, unexpected and surprising observation is that OC, EC and the total CA (TCA) during the lockdown (OC: 12.1 ± 5.5 μg m<sup>-3</sup>; EC: 2.2 ± 1.1 μg m<sup>-3</sup>; TCA: 21.5 ± 10 μg m<sup>-3</sup>) were higher than the normal period (OC: 7.04 ± 2.2 μg m<sup>-3</sup>; EC: 1.9 ± 0.7 μg m<sup>-3</sup>; TCA: 13.2 ± 4.1 μg m<sup>-3</sup>). The higher values for OC/EC ratio too was observed during the lockdown (5.7 ± 0.9) compared to the normal period (4.2 ± 1.1). Much higher surface O<sub>3</sub> during the lockdown (due to very low NO) could better promote the formation of secondary OC (SOC) through the photochemical oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emitted from Himalayan coniferous forest cover. SOC during the lockdown (7.6 ± 3.5 μg m<sup>-3</sup>) was double of that in normal period (3.8 ± 1.4 μg m<sup>-3</sup>). Regression analysis between SOC and O<sub>3</sub> showed that with the same amount of increase in O<sub>3</sub>, the SOC formation increased to a larger extent when anthropogenic emissions were very low and biogenic emissions dominate (lockdown) compared to when anthropogenic emissions were high (normal). Concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis showed that the anthropogenic activities over Nepal and forest fire over north-east India were the major long-distant sources of the CA over Darjeeling during the normal period. On the other hand, during lockdown, the major source regions of CA over Darjeeling were regional/local. The findings of the study indicate the immense importance of Himalayan biosphere as a major source of organic carbon.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32982563</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>09</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">1352-2310</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>244</Volume><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>Jan</Month><Day>01</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Atmos Environ (1994)</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>High rise in carbonaceous aerosols under very low anthropogenic emissions over eastern Himalaya, India: Impact of lockdown for COVID-19 outbreak.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>117947</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117947</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The present study has been conducted to investigate the relative changes of carbonaceous aerosols (CA) over a high altitude Himalayan atmosphere with and without (very low) anthropogenic emissions. Measurements of atmospheric organic (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were conducted during the lockdown period (April 2020) due to global COVID 19 outbreak and compared with the normal period (April 2019). The interesting, unexpected and surprising observation is that OC, EC and the total CA (TCA) during the lockdown (OC: 12.1 ± 5.5 μg m<sup>-3</sup>; EC: 2.2 ± 1.1 μg m<sup>-3</sup>; TCA: 21.5 ± 10 μg m<sup>-3</sup>) were higher than the normal period (OC: 7.04 ± 2.2 μg m<sup>-3</sup>; EC: 1.9 ± 0.7 μg m<sup>-3</sup>; TCA: 13.2 ± 4.1 μg m<sup>-3</sup>). The higher values for OC/EC ratio too was observed during the lockdown (5.7 ± 0.9) compared to the normal period (4.2 ± 1.1). Much higher surface O<sub>3</sub> during the lockdown (due to very low NO) could better promote the formation of secondary OC (SOC) through the photochemical oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emitted from Himalayan coniferous forest cover. SOC during the lockdown (7.6 ± 3.5 μg m<sup>-3</sup>) was double of that in normal period (3.8 ± 1.4 μg m<sup>-3</sup>). Regression analysis between SOC and O<sub>3</sub> showed that with the same amount of increase in O<sub>3</sub>, the SOC formation increased to a larger extent when anthropogenic emissions were very low and biogenic emissions dominate (lockdown) compared to when anthropogenic emissions were high (normal). Concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis showed that the anthropogenic activities over Nepal and forest fire over north-east India were the major long-distant sources of the CA over Darjeeling during the normal period. On the other hand, during lockdown, the major source regions of CA over Darjeeling were regional/local. The findings of the study indicate the immense importance of Himalayan biosphere as a major source of organic carbon.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chatterjee</LastName><ForeName>Abhijit</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Environmental Sciences Section, Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, 700054, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mukherjee</LastName><ForeName>Sauryadeep</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Environmental Sciences Section, Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, 700054, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dutta</LastName><ForeName>Monami</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Environmental Sciences Section, Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, 700054, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ghosh</LastName><ForeName>Abhinandan</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Environmental Sciences Section, Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, 700054, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ghosh</LastName><ForeName>Sanjay K</ForeName><Initials>SK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Environmental Sciences Section, Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, 700054, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Roy</LastName><ForeName>Arindam</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Environmental Sciences Section, Bose Institute, P 1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, 700054, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>19</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Atmos Environ (1994)</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9888534</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1352-2310</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Biogenic VOC</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Carbonaceous aerosols</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Eastern himalaya</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Secondary organic carbon</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>06</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>28</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>17</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>29</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>29</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>28</Day><Hour>5</Hour><Minute>38</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32982563</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117947</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S1352-2310(20)30681-6</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7501850</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><pmc-dir>pmcsd</pmc-dir>
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